from heapq import heappush, heappop, heapify
def getIntegerInputs():
return map(int, input().split())
def getListInput():
return list(map(int, input().split()))
def inbound(r, c, n, m):
return 0 <= r < n and 0 <= c < m
def solve():
for _ in range(int(input())):
ans = []
n = int(input())
arr = getListInput()
heap = [(-val, i) for i, val in enumerate(arr)]
heapify(heap)
while len(heap) > 1:
r = heappop(heap)
l = heappop(heap)
if r[0] == 0 or l[0] == 0:
break
heappush(heap, (l[0] + 1, l[1]))
heappush(heap, (r[0] + 1, r[1]))
ans.append((r[1]+1, l[1]+1))
print(len(ans))
for a in ans:
print(*a)
if __name__ == "__main__":
solve()
// Author- Aryan Pundir
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
#define lli long long int
#define vl vector<ll>
#define vi vector<int>
#define vs vector<string>
#define vpi vector<pair<int,int>>
#define vpl vector<pair<ll,ll>>
#define pi pair<int,int>
#define pl pair<ll,ll>
#define all(a) a.begin(),a.end()
#define mem(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a))
#define pb push_back
#define mpi map<int,int>
#define mpl map<ll,ll>
#define pqi priority_queue<int>
#define pql priority_queue<ll>
#define F first
#define S second
#define f(a,b) for(int i=a;i<b;i++)
int main(){
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL);
int t;
cin>>t;
while(t--){
int n;cin>>n;
vi nums(n);
vpi ans;
priority_queue<pi> pqp;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>nums[i];
if(nums[i]){pqp.push({nums[i],i+1});}
}
while(pqp.size()>1){
pi f=pqp.top();
pqp.pop();
pi s=pqp.top();
pqp.pop();
ans.push_back({f.second,s.second});
if(f.first>1){pqp.push({f.first-1,f.second});}
if(s.first>1){pqp.push({s.first-1,s.second});}
}
cout<<ans.size()<<endl;
for(auto &x:ans){
if(x.first>x.second) swap(x.first,x.second);
cout<<x.first<<" "<<x.second<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
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